Nipah
Virus - Paramyxoviridae
This page is dedicated to Paramyxoviridae
including Nipah Virus, Hendra Virus, Equine
Morbillivirus(EMV), Lyssavirus and Menangle virus.
For information on Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) click on hyperlink. This
page will be updated as and when information is available.You
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First up in 17 March
1999.
Last Updated 23rd May
2018.
Resource Sites:
Updates- When
available
- WHO
- Disease outbreaks reported
- Hendra-like virus (Nipah virus) in
Malaysia - Update (15
April 1999)
- Hendra-like virus in Malaysia and
Singapore (7 April 1999)
- Epidemic Encephalitis in Malaysia (26 March 1999)
- Japanese Encephalitis and Hendra-like
Virus in Malaysia (22
March 1999)
- ProMED-mail
electronic conference

- Query Paramyxovirus
- Query Nipah
virus (links below
have changed but a search for "Nipah"
should find it)
- 21 May 2018 Nipah
virus - India (02): (KL) conf
- 21 May 2018 Nipah
virus - India: (KL) susp
- Nipah virus, reservoir (02) (15August 2000)
- Nipah virus, rationale for culling
pigs: comment (3
August 2000)
- Nipah virus, rationale for culling
pigs (30 July
2000)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (Sarawak) (03)
(22 July 2000)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (Sarawak):
comment (10 July
2000)
- Nipah virus, vaccine need: comment (7 July 2000)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (Sarawak)
(7 July 2000)
- Nipah virus, vaccine need (3 July 2000)
- Nipah virus, antibody, pigs -
Malaysia: OIE confirmed (2 July 2000)
- Nipah virus, antibody, pigs -
Malaysia (03) (1
July 2000)
- Nipah virus, pigs - Malaysia (02) (1 July 2000)
- Nipah virus, reservoir (24 June 2000)
- Nipah virus, antibody, pigs -
Malaysia (24 June
2000)
- Nipah virus, pigs - Malaysia (19 June 2000)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (22) (24 October 1999)
- Paramyxovirus, bat urine - Malaysia
(23 October 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (21) (7 September 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia- lab
identification (31
July 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia- clinical
& pathology (31
July 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (20) (31 July 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (19)(28 July 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (18) (11 July 1999)
- Nipah virus, pigs - Malaysia (14) (7 July 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (17) (30 June 1999)
- Nipah virus, pigs - Malaysia (13) (18 June 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia- official
report (6 June
1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (16) (6 June 1999)
- Nipah virus, pigs - Malaysia (Penang)
(23 May 1999)
- Nipah virus, dogs - Malaysia (04) (23 May 1999)
- Nipah virus, more infected pigs
expected - Malaysia (22
May 1999)
- Nipah virus, remote infections -
Malaysia (21 May
1999)
- Nipah virus, fruit bat reservoir- -
Malaysia (21 May
1999)
- Nipah virus, nationwide sampling -
Malaysia (21 May
1999)
- Nipah virus, Australian TV report (22 May 1999)
- Nipah virus, pigs - Malaysia (11) (19 May 1999)
- Nipah virus, dogs - Malaysia (03) (19 May 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (14):
Disclaimer (19
May 1999)
- Nipah virus, pigs - Malaysia (10) (18 May 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (14)(13 May 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (13) (8 May 1999)
- Nipah virus, pigs - Malaysia (08) (8 May 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (12) (4 May 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (11) (1 May 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (08) (25 April 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (07) (25 April 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (06) (23 April 1999)
- Nipah virus, pigs - Malaysia (02) (16 April 1999)
- Nipah virus (Hendra-like) prevention
- Malaysia- horses (02) (16 April 1999)
- Nipah virus, natural history (16 April 1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia (15 April 1999)
- Nipah (Hendra-like) virus - Malaysia
(04) (14 April
1999)
- Nipah virus (Hendra-like) - Malaysia
(03) (14 April
1999)
- Nipah virus (Hendra-like), natural
history (12 April
1999)
- Nipah virus - Malaysia- unnatural
event (11 April
1999)
- Nipah virus (Hendra-like) - Malaysia (10 April 1999)
- Query Hendra-like
virus (links below
have changed but a search for "Hendra"
should find it)
- Nipah virus (Hendra-like) prevention
- Malaysia- horses (10
April 1999)
- Hendra-like virus - Malaysia (21) (8 April 1999)
- Hendra-like virus -
Malaysia (17) (3
April 1999)
- Hendra-like virus -
Singapore (04) (1
April 1999)
- Hendra-like virus -
Malaysia, Singapore- Fact sheet (02) (31 March 1999)
- Hendra-like virus - Singapore (03) (31 March 1999)
- Hendra-like virus - Malaysia (14) (30 March 1999)
- Hendra-like virus- -
Malaysia (10) (27
March 1999)
- Hendra-like virus? -
Malaysia (07) (anecdotal info
on the disease in pigs) (23
March 1999)
- Hendra-like virus- - Malaysia (06) (23 March 1999)
- Hendra-like virus- - Malaysia (05) (22 March 1999)
- Hendra-like virus- - Malaysia (04) (21 March 1999)
- Hendra-like virus? - Malaysia (03) (20 March 1999)
- Hendra virus - Malaysia, Singapore:
Fact sheet (19 March
1999)
- Hendra-like virus -
Malaysia, Singapore (02)(19 March 1999)
- Query Equine
Morbillivirus
- Query Menangle
virus
- Query Lyssavirus
- Query Tioman
virus
- Tioman virus, a novel bat rubulavirus (17 October 2000)
- APEC - APEC EINet News Briefs (All
links removed)
- Vol. III, No. 8 ~ EINet News
Briefs ~ June 9, 2000
- NIPAH VIRUS IDENTIFIED AS
A NEW GENUS OF VIRUSES
- Vol. II, No. 10, EINet News Briefs
,May. 18, 1999
- Vol. II, No. 09, EINet News Briefs
,May. 04, 1999
- Vol. II, No. 08, EINet News Briefs
,Apr. 20, 1999
- Vol. II, No. 07, EINet News Briefs
,Apr. 06, 1999
- Vol. II, No. 06, EINet News Briefs
,Mar. 24, 1999
- Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention
- Department
Of Veterinary Services Malaysia
- Nipah Virus
- Press statement by Dato' Dr. Mohd Nordin (20 April 1999)
- Details of the surveillance programme (20 April 1999)
- Emergency Report to the OIE ( May 28, 1999 )
- Nipah Virus Infection of Pigs in Peninsular
Malaysia - report submitted to the OIE Chapter of
Scientific and Technical Review ( August 8, 1999
)
- Nipah Virus Disease in Peninsular Malaysia, -
Continuation of the surveillance programme
Disease Information, OIE, Vol 13 No 12 ( March 31,
2000 )
- Outbreak
- A Forum on Fatal Viruses in Malaysia Main news headlines condensed for easy reading.

New Paramyxovirus Discovered - Nipah Virus (Virus
named in Seremban G.H. by Minister of Health) 10 April 1999
Paramyxovirus Related Information
The Big Picture Book of
Viruses: Paramyxoviridae
National
Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases -
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Search Results List for Paramyxoviruses
The
Lancet Interactive - Fatal encephalitis due to novel
paramyxovirus transmitted from horses [Medline]
Emerging
Infectious Diseases
- Emerging
Viral Diseases of Southeast Asia and the Western
Pacific; J.S. Mackenzie et al. Vol.
7, No. 3 Supplement Jun 2001.
Nipah Virus Infection Among
Military Personnel Involved in Pig Culling during
an Outbreak of Encephalitis in Malaysia, 1998-1999;
Letter - Vol. 7, No. 4;
JulAug 2001
Emerging
Viral Diseases: An Australian Perspective -
Vol 5 No 1 January-March 1999
Vol 4 No.2; April-June 1998 issue
- An Apparently New Virus (Family
Paramyxoviridae) Infectious for Pigs,
Humans, and Fruit Bats. A.W. Philbey,
P.D. Kirkland, A.D. Ross, R.J. Davis, A.B.
Gleeson, R.J. Love, A.R. Gould, P.W.
Daniels, and A.D. Hyatt
- Probable Human Infection
with a Newly Described Virus in the
Family Paramyxoviridae. K. Chant, R.Chan,
M.Smith, D.E Dwyer, P. Kirkland, and the
NSW Expert Group

- Vol 2 No.4; October-December 1996
issue
- Vol 2 No.3; July-September 1996
issue
- Vol
2 No.1; January - March 1996 issue
- Vol
1 No.1; January - March 1995 issue
- Communicable Diseases -
Australia
- CSIRO Australian
Animal Health Laboratory -
CSIRO Livestock Industries - Fact sheet on Nipah virus
- Animal Health News October 2000
- MALAYSIAN COLLABORATION UNMASKS NEW VIRUS
- Tioman Virus (October 2000)
- Fighting Nipah virus
- Human monoclonal antibodies against lethal Nipah
virus (3 Nov 2009)
- Nipah knowledge in Science (26 May
2000)
- Treating deadly viruses (7 Jan
2000)
- Australians help solve virus puzzle (09 August 1999)
- Australians in Malaysian virus
fight (13 May 1999)
- Hendra Virus - Solving the Horse virus mystery

- Australian Bat Lyssavirus
- Journal of
Virology, November 2000, p.
9972-9979, Vol. 74, No. 21;The
Exceptionally Large Genome of Hendra Virus: Support for
Creation of a New Genus within the Family Paramyxoviridae
; (Abstract) Lin-Fa Wang,* Meng Yu, Eric
Hansson, L. Ian Pritchard, Brian Shiell, Wojtek P.
Michalski, and Bryan T. Eaton
- Morbillivirus
- Virus databases on-line
- Paramyxovirus -
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
News Online (some
links may not work after a few days)
The Hindu, India
Nipah
virus infection: death toll in Kerala rises to 11,
2 persons critical (May 22
and Updated May 23, 2018)
High
alert after three deaths due to fever (May19 and Updated May 23, 2018)
Indian
Express, India
Kozhikode:
11 die of suspected Nipah virus infection,
medical officials say no need to panic (May 23, 2018)
The Star Online
Malaysia.
Search Nipah related news (Some links
down)
Profile of a virus
Nipah in the wilderness
Living with the unknown
Chronology of events
Crucial test results from sixth pig farm (22 July 2000)
UM to start Nipah virus
research (2 July
2000)
Five pig farms quarantined
(1 July 2000)
Tajol Rosli: We'll
compensate pig farmers (22 June 2000)
Fresh pork only on
alternate days now (22
June 2000)
Steps taken to stop virus
outbreak, says Pak Lah (21 June 2000)
Woman with Nipah virus an
old case (18 June 2000)
Dept begins culling of pigs in Gopeng (17 June 2000)
Search JE related news (Some links
down)
Viral Outbreak:Advice / Precautionary
Measures To Farmers And Farm Workers
Nipah virus (11 April 1999)
Singapore abattoir workers also affected
by virus (31 March 1999)
Second virus (20 March 1999)
Fund set up (21 March 1999)
Problems hamper culling
operation (21 March
1999)
New Straits Times
Interactive, Malaysia (Links down)
Killer virus named after Kampung Baru Sungai
Nipah (11 April 1999; New Sunday
Times)
Nipah virus discovered in only four months (11 April 1999; New Sunday Times)
New virus strain discovered (20
March 1999)
Fund to help JE victims (21 March 1999)
Play it safe against new virus (22 March 1999)
Culling goes on as US disease control team leader
arrives (23 March 1999)
Donations pour in, new drug is
used (24 March 1999)
Bernama,
Malaysia(Links down)
EXTRA PRECAUTION TO CONTAIN HENDRA-LIKE VIRUS (26 March 1999)
NEW VIRUS RELATED TO "HENDRA" DETECTED (20 March 1999)
ALL MEDICINE BEING USED TO TREAT
JE PATIENTS (23 March 1999)
JE DEATH TOLL RISES TO 58 (24
March 1999)
DPM TO HEAD JE TASK FORCE (24
March 1999)
NEARLY 30,000 PIGS CULLED SINCE MARCH 4 (24 March 1999)
Utusan Online
The Straits
Times Interactive, Singapore.(Links down)
Malaysia finds second deadly virus (20
March 1999)
Spread of pig virus halted, says
PPD (24 March 1999)
BBC - World
- Asia-Pacific
- Health
Bats blamed for disease outbreak (19 May 1999)
More Malaysian pigs to be culled (7 May 1999)
Dog slaughter follows pig cull (20 April 1999)
Malaysian pig cull extended (28 March 1999)
Malaysia virus confusion (26 March 1999)
Pig slaughter begins in Malaysia (21 March
1999)
CNN - CNN World News -
Asia-Pacific
- CNN Health (Links
down)
Rare killer virus infects pigs in
a new area of Malaysia - May 9, 1999
Rare killer virus infects pigs in
a new area of Malaysia - May 7, 1999
U.S. scientists search for origins
of deadly Malaysian virus - May 3, 1999
CDC puts death toll for Malaysia
pig virus at 117 - April 8, 1999
Vaccination of pigs halted as fear
of second virus spreads (26
March 1999)
Malaysia gets U.S. help with virus
outbreak (22 March 1999)
Malaysian pig farmers slaughter
hogs to contain deadly virus (23 March 1999)
Malaysia orders residents out of virus zone (24 March 1999)
Associated
Press
The
Boston Globe's boston.com
Malaysia's killer virus first of its
kind (8 April 1999)
Asiaweek - Malaysia
battles to contain a virus spread from infected pigs as
fear strikes its farms and villages - April 2, 1999
Time
Asia - Hog
Hell - APRIL 5, 1999 VOL. 153 NO. 13
ABC
Foreign Correspondent - Malaysia:
Pig Virus (18 May 1999)
The New
York Times
Killer
Virus Is Linked to Asian Flying Foxes (15 Aug 2000)
Related Articles
Possible Management and
Guidelines
MEDLINE abstracts (NLM PubMed).
Source:
National Center For National Biotechnology Information(NCBI). When you read the MEDLINE (NLM
PubMed) abstract click on Links:
Related Articles. Please click Search below
for latest articles in Medline.
Search
- A survey of Nipah virus infection among various risk
groups in Singapore.Epidemiol Infect. 2001
Feb;128(1):93-8. Chan K P, Rollin P E, Ksiazek T G,
Leo Y S, Goh K T, Paton N I, Sng E H, Ling A E..[Medline]
- Isolation of Nipah virus from Malaysian
Island flying-foxes.Microbes Infect 2002 Feb;4(2):145-51;Chua KB, Lek Koh C, Hooi PS, Wee KF, Khong JH,
Chua BH, Chan YP, Lim ME, Lam SK.[Medline]
- Nipah encephalitis outbreak in Malaysia, clinical
features in patients from Seremban. Can J
Neurol Sci. 2002 Feb;29(1):83-7. Chong HT,
Kunjapan SR, Thayaparan T, Tong J, Petharunam V, Jusoh MR,
Tan CT [Medline]
- Nipah virus encephalitis: serial MR study of an emerging
disease.Radiology. 2002 Jan;222(1):219-26.
Lim CC, Lee KE, Lee WL, Tambyah PA, Lee CC, Sitoh YY,
Auchus AP, Lin BK, Hui F.[Medline]
- Nipah virus infection among abattoir workers in Malaysia,
1998-1999.Int J Epidemiol. 2001 Oct;30(5):1017-20.
Sahani M, Parashar UD, Ali R, Das P, Lye MS, Isa
MM, Arif MT, Ksiazek TG, Sivamoorthy M; Nipah
Encephalitis Outbreak Investigation Group.[Medline]
- Complete nucleotide sequences of Nipah virus isolates
from Malaysia.J Gen Virol. 2001 Sep;82(Pt
9):2151-5.Chan YP, Chua KB, Koh CL, Lim ME, Lam SK
[Medline]
- Molecular characterization of the polymerase gene and
genomic termini of Nipah virus.Virology.
2001 Aug 15;287(1):192-201.Harcourt BH, Tamin A,
Halpin K, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Bellini WJ, Rota PA.[Medline]
- Treatment of acute nipah encephalitis with ribavirin.Ann Neurol. 2001 Jun;49(6):810-3.Chong HT,
Kamarulzaman A, Tan CT, Goh KJ, Thayaparan T, Kunjapan SR,
Chew NK, Chua KB, Lam SK.[Medline]
- Nipah virus infection in bats (order chiroptera) in
peninsular malaysia.Emerg Infect Dis. 2001
May-Jun;7(3):439-41.Yob JM, Field H, Rashdi AM,
van Der Heide B, Rota P, bin Adzhar A, White J, Daniels P,
Jamaluddin A, Ksiazek T.[Medline]
- Tioman virus, a novel paramyxovirus isolated from fruit
bats in Malaysia.Virology. 2001 May 10;283(2):215-29.Chua
KB, Wang LF, Lam SK, Crameri G, Yu M, Wise T, Boyle D,
Hyatt AD, Eaton BT.[Medline]
- Comparative pathology of the diseases caused by Hendra
and Nipah viruses.Microbes Infect. 2001
Apr;3(4):315-22. Hooper P, Zaki S, Daniels P,
Middleton D.[Medline]
- The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses.Field H,
Young P, Yob JM, Mills J, Hall L, Mackenzie J.[Medline]
- Laboratory diagnosis of Nipahand Hendra virus infections.Microbes Infect. 2001 Apr;3(4):289-95. Daniels
P, Ksiazek T, Eaton BT.[Medline]
- The Presence of Nipah Virus in Respiratory Secretions and
Urine of Patients during an Outbreak of Nipah Virus
Encephalitis in Malaysia.J Infect. 2001
Jan;42(1):40-3.Chua KB, Lam SK, Goh KJ, Hooi PS,
Ksiazek TG, Kamarulzaman A, Olson J, Tan CT. [Medline]
- A cohort study of health care workers to assess
nosocomial transmissibility of Nipah virus, malaysia,
1999.J Infect Dis. 2001 Mar 1;183(5):810-3.[Medline]
- High mortality in Nipah encephalitis is associated with
presence of virus in cerebrospinal fluid.Ann
Neurol. 2000 Nov;48(5):802-5.Chua KB, Lam SK, Tan
CT, Hooi PS, Goh KJ, Chew NK, Tan KS, Kamarulzaman A,
Wong KT.[Medline]
- Emerging and re-emerging epidemic encephalitis: a tale of
two viruses.Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol.
2000 Aug;26(4):313-8.Wong KT.[Medline]
- MR imaging features of Nipah encephalitis.AJR
Am J Roentgenol. 2000 Aug;175(2):437-42. Sarji SA,
Abdullah BJ, Goh KJ, Tan CT, Wong KT.[Medline]
- Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus. Science. 2000 May 26;288(5470):1432-5.Chua KB,
Bellini WJ, Rota PA, Harcourt BH, Tamin A, Lam SK,
Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Zaki SR, Shieh W, Goldsmith CS,
Gubler DJ, Roehrig JT, Eaton B, Gould AR, Olson J, Field
H, Daniels P, Ling AE, Peters CJ, Anderson LJ, Mahy BW. [Medline]
- Risk Factors for Nipah Virus Infection among Abattoir
Workers in Singapore.J Infect Dis. 2000
May;181(5):1760-1763. Chew MH, Arguin PM, Shay DK, Goh KT,
Rollin PE, Shieh WJ, Zaki SR, Rota PA, Ling AE, Ksiazek
TG, Chew SK, Anderson LJ. [Medline]
- Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Human Infection
with a New Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Nipah Virus, during a
1998-1999 Outbreak of Severe Encephalitis in Malaysia. J Infect Dis. 2000 May;181(5):1755-1759.
Parashar UD, Sunn LM, Ong F, Mounts AW, Arif MT, Ksiazek
TG, Kamaluddin MA, Mustafa AN, Kaur H, Ding LM, Othman G,
Radzi HM, Kitsutani PT, Stockton PC, Arokiasamy J, Gary
Jr HE, Anderson LJ. [Medline]
- Clinical features of Nipah virus encephalitis among pig
farmers in Malaysia.N Engl J Med. 2000 Apr
27;342(17):1229-35. Goh KJ, Tan CT, Chew NK, Tan
PS, Kamarulzaman A, Sarji SA, Wong KT, Abdullah BJ, Chua
KB, Lam SK [Medline]
- Nipah viral encephalitis or Japanese encephalitis? MR
findings in a new zoonotic disease.AJNR Am
J Neuroradiol. 2000 Mar;21(3):455-61. Lim
CC, Sitoh YY, Hui F, Lee KE, Ang BS, Lim E, Lim WE, Oh HM,
Tambyah PA, Wong JS, Tan CB, Chee TS [Medline]
- Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig-farmers
in Malaysia.Lancet. 1999 Oct 9;354(9186):1257-9.
Chua KB, Goh KJ, Wong KT, Kamarulzaman A, Tan PS,
Ksiazek TG, Zaki SR, Paul G, Lam SK, Tan CT [Medline]
- Outbreak of Nipah-virus infection among abattoir workers
in Singapore.Lancet. 1999 Oct 9;354(9186):1253-6.
Paton NI, Leo YS, Zaki SR, Auchus AP, Lee KE, Ling
AE, Chew SK, Ang B, Rollin PE, Umapathi T, Sng I, Lee CC,
Lim E, Ksiazek TG [Medline]
- A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and
humans. Murray K, Selleck P, Hooper P, Hyatt A, Gould A,
Gleeson L, et al. Science 1995;268:94-7.[Medline]
- Fatal encephalitis due to novel paramyxovirus transmitted
from horses. O'Sullivan JB, Allworth AM, Paterson DL,
Snow TM, Boots R, Gleeson LJ, et al. Lancet 1997;349:93-5.
[Medline]
Virology sites
Communicable Disease Control,
Surveillance and Other Resources
Medline Search Sites, Medical
Journals Site and Search Engines

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First up in 17 March 1999.
Last Updated 23rd May
2018.