Influenza A (H5N1) Bird Flu (Avian Flu)

Vads Corner - Influenza A - H5N1 Bird Flu (Avian Flu) site

First up on 10 December 1997

Last Updated 27April 2009

Influenza - For more information and links related to influenza

H1N1 Flu - Updates

Global

• WHO - Avian Influenza (for Updates)
  • H5N1 avian influenza- a chronology of key events
  • Guidelines WHO Western Pacific Regional Office - Avian influenza for Updates
    • Global Situation Updates
    • Clinical management of human infection with A (H5N1) virus-15 August 2007
    • WHO Interim Protocol: Rapid operations to contain the initial emergence of pandemic influenza - May 2007
    • Avian Influenza - Fact sheet Jan 2006
    • Avian influenza frequently asked questions
    • Strengthening Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response 18 May 2005
    • WHO global influenza preparedness plan April 2005
    • WHO checklist for influenza pandemic preparedness plan March 2005
    • Public Health Considerations in the Application of Measures to Contain and Control Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Outbreaks in Poultry
    • Avian influenza - fact sheet [published 15 January 2004]
    • Food safety : Avian influenza A(H5N1) in humans and in poultry in Asia [posted 6 February 2004; published 24 January 2004 ]
    • WHO interim guidelines on clinical management of humans infected by influenza A(H5N1) [published 2 March 2004]
    • WHO Manual on Animal Influenza Diagnosis and Surveillance
    • WHO interim recommendations for the protection of persons involved in the mass slaughter of animals potentially infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (down)
    • WHO Weekly Epidemiological Report (WER), WER 79, 4, 23 January 2004: Development of a vaccine effective against avian influenza H5N1 infection in humans 23 Jan 2004
    • Clinical features of 10 human cases of avian influenza H5N1 in Viet Nam
    • Clinical information on five cases of avian influenza H5N1 in Thailand
    • National Influenza Pandemic Plans

  Disease outbreaks reported For Updates

  • Avian influenza A(H5N1) in humans - update 12 Full text (29 Jan 2004)
  • Avian influenza A(H5N1) in humans in Thailand - update 6 Full text 23 Jan 2004
  • Avian influenza H5N1 infection in humans: urgent need to eliminate the animal reservoir - update 5 Full text 22 Jan 2004
  • Development of a vaccine effective against avian influenza H5N1 infection in humans - update 4 Full text 20 Jan 2004
  • Avian influenza A(H5N1) in humans in Viet Nam - update 3 Full text 19 Jan 2004
  • Avian influenza A(H5N1) in humans in Viet Nam and in poultry in Asian countries - update 2 Full text 16 Jan 2004
  • Avian influenza - fact sheet Full text 15 Jan 2004
  • Isolation of influenza A(H5) viruses in poultry in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (8 Feb 2002)
• Europa Public Health Avian Influenza Fact Sheet
• PandemicFlu.gov - The official U.S. government Web site for information on pandemic flu and avian influenza.
• CDC - Influenza Prevention and Control - Avian Flu For Updates
  • Infection Control Measures for Preventing and Controlling Influenza Transmission in Long-Term Care Facilities
  • Basic Information About Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
  • Key Facts About Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus
  • Influenza A(H5N1) Infections Reported in Vietnam (Jan 14, 2004)
  • Human Cases of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China, 2003.
• CDC -MMWR
  • New Laboratory Assay for Diagnostic Testing of Avian Influenza A/H5 (Asian Lineage)
  • Avian influenza A(H5N1)- Report in the Weekly Epidemiological Record, 13 February 2004
  • Update- Isolation of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses from Humans -- Hong Kong, 1997-1998 Vol 46, No 52;124   01/09/1998
  • Isolation of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses from Humans -- Hong Kong, May-December 1997 Vol 46, No 50;120   12/19/1997
• CDC- Emerging Infectious Diseases a peer reviewed journal.
  • Search Avian influenza
• FAO - Avian Influenza
  • Latest Bulletin on Qinghai Lake wild bird migration (Thanks to Sunstorm)
  • Guiding Principles for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Surveillance and Diagnostic Networks in Asia
  • Global Strategy for the Progressive Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)
• National Center for Biotechnology Information - Influenza virus resources (genome)
• ProMED-mail electronic conference Query Bird Flu or try this site for latest updates avian influenza (for Updates)
  • EDR> Avian influenza, human - Thailand (03) 23 Jan 2004
  • EDR> Avian influenza, Taiwan - OIE 23 Jan 2004
  • PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza, human - Vietnam (07) 19 Jan 2004
  • AVIAN INFLUENZA - CHINA (HONG KONG) (08) (05-APR-2002)
• Yahoo Bird Flu Coverage
  • Japanese farm to kill 190,000 chickens after H5 virus bird flu confirmed 29 Feb 2004
  • WHO downplays fears that bird flu in cats poses a risk for humans 21 Feb 2004
  • Bird Flu Spreads, Claims 7th Victim 26 Jan 2004
• ASEAN-Disease-Surveillance.net - includes bird flu updates from the ASEAN region.
• World Organisation for Animal Health
  • Asia and Pacific region
  • UPDATE ON AVIAN INFLUENZA IN ANIMALS IN ASIA
• Selected Resources on H5N1 Avian Influenza
• Singapore Government Bird Flu website
  • Flu Pandemic Brochure
  • Flu Pandemic Slides in ppt.
• New Zealand Pandemic Influenza site
  • A pandemic planning kit for infrastructure providers
  • A planning guide for businesses
    • PDF version of "Business Continuity Planning Guide"
  • Advice for workplaces on air conditioning and influenza
  • Video: Personal protection against emerging infectious diseases
  • Resources for primary health care workers
  • Interim PPE Guidelines
  • Bird Flu Tracker
• Malaysian NATIONAL Guidelines (all below in pdf format)
  • NIPPP STRATEGIES
  • NIPPP Plan of Actions
  • Malaysian Influenza Surveillance System (M.I.S.S)
  • Medical Strategies in Management of Pandemic Influenza
  • Preparedness for Pandemic Flu in Industry

Hong Kong Coverage- 1998

H5N1

• News Bulletin - Department of Health - Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
  • World experts proclaim HK's effort in containing avian flu (14 December 1998)
  • Control measures on avian flu effective (14 December 1998)
  • Cohort studies on avian flu (13 November 1998)
  • Round up on avian flu (February 20)
  • Update on avian flu (February 19)
  • Influenza situation update
  • Resumption of import of chickens from Mainland
  • Comprehensive plan to combat avian flu
  • Update on Influenza A H5N1
  • Information on influenza A H5N1 ("bird flu" or "avian flu") for tourists coming to Hong Kong
  • Measures to deal with ducks considered
  • Influenza Virus Isolation 1997
  • Screening of travellers not necessary
  • Infection Control Measures for Health Care Workers Influenza A H5N1 in the Outpatient Clinics
  • Joint effort to dispose of chicken carcasses
  • First avian flu case CDC serology test preliminary results
  • Preventive measures for avian flu implemented
  • Initial assessment of Influenza A H5N1 cases
  • Committee draws up action plan for avian flu
  • Information and advice to doctors on H5N1 influenza
  • Guidelines for officers coming in contact with birds during the course of their work
  • Discovery of the first case of influenza A virus (H5N1) in man in HK
  • Use of Amantadine in the Management of H5N1 Infections
  • Laboratory Tests for H5N1 Influenza

• HK Govt's "Information Services Department" (ISD) - News Update
• Department of Health - Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
• Hong Kong Hospital Authority

H9N2

• News Bulletin - Department of Health - Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
  • Recommendation by special group on avian flu
    • Information on H9N2 influenza (also available in Chinese) (9 April 1999)
    • Information and advice to child care workers & school teachers on H9N2 influenza(also available in Chinese) (9 April 1999)
    • Information and advice to doctors on H9N2 influenza (8 April 1999)
    • Discovery of first cases of influenza A virus (H9N2) in humans in HK (7 April 1999)
• WHO
  • Disease outbreaks reported
    • Influenza A(H9N2) in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China - Update (13 April 1999)
    • Influenza A(H9N2) in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (7 April 1999)
• CDC - Influenza Prevention and Control
  • Influenza A(H9N2) infections in Hong Kong (8 April 1999)
• ProMED-mail electronic conference
  • Query Bird Flu
    • Influenza A (H9N1), bird-to-human - China (Hong Kong) (7 April 1999)

Organisation with additional H5N1 information

• Health Canada Online
  • Avian influenza
  • Current SARS/H5N1 affected areas
  • Flu Watch Canada ( http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hpb/lcdc/bid/respdis/fluwatch/ ) shows an increasing trend in the number of cases reported.
  • Laboratory Centre for Disease Control - Health Canada.
    • Influenza
    • Influenza A(H5N1): Hong Kong
• Influenza Prevention and Control - CDC
  • Influenza A(H5N1) in Hong Kong
  • Results of Serologic Testing
• Fact Sheet - Flu - NIAID
• Genetic analysis of bird flu - article from The Scientist.
• Communicable Disease Prevention & Control - Current Outbreaks
• OSHA- Avian Flu Guidelines
• WHO
  • Disease outbreaks reported
    • Single isolation of H5N1 influenza virus in a goose, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China - Update (6 April 1999)
    • Single isolation of H5N1 influenza virus in a goose, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (29 March 1999)
  • Influenza Surveillance
  • National Influenza Centres
  • FluNet is WHO's geographical information system to monitor influenza activity. In addition to maps and graphs of recent activity, it features weekly country reports for the season, and a global situation summary by WHO for the current and previous seasons.
• ProMED-mail electronic conference
• Cybermed Malaysian Medical Association Newsletter -
  • JNC VI and Influenza A (H5N1)
  • H5N1 Avian Flu
  • Avian Influenza - Update May 2006
• January 9, 1998 edition of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Preview - PDF file format
• BMJ - Questions surround Hong Kong's flu crisis
• Estate Doctors Association - H5N1 page

Other related information

• Bird flu movie details and other science animations in flash format
• The National Food and Safety Database - Animal Related Outbreaks and Diseases.
• Amantadine can be used
• Rimantadine can be used
• Avian Influenza - Latest news from Intervet a business unit of Akzo Nobel.

News Online : Read the following newspapers for updates.

• Flutrackers Forum
• Google Search H5N1 Updates
• MSNBC - Bird Flu Front Page
• News on H5N1
• Sci Dev Net
  • Bird flu: 'culling birds will not work 14 April 2005'
• BBC
  • Q&A Avian Flu
    • Killer flu: Could the world cope? 22 Feb 2004
    • Second Thai boy dies of bird flu 27 Jan 2004
    • Mapping the bird flu outbreak
  • Bird flu passed directly to humans, researchers say
• South China Morning Post - Bird Flu Outbreak (Down)
  • Relatives tell of bird flu despair (25 May 1999)
• Hong Kong Standard
• Nando Times - Report of bird flu in China
• ABCNews (Links may no longer exist)
  • Another Hong Kong Flu Case Reported
  • How big a threat is Hong Kong's Flu?
• CNN Interactive (Links may no longer exist)
  • Bird Flu not a major killer so far, lab studies show
  • CDC- Human spread of Hong Kong 'bird flu' unlikely
  • Latest Hong Kong 'bird flu' victim critical
  • Bird flu may have spread to mainland China
  • Hong Kong to kill 1 million chickens to contain 'bird flu'.
  • CDC: 'Bird Flu' likely spreads through human contact
  • Doctors hunt for source of deadly 'bird flu' strain
  • Hong Kong 'chicken flu' suspected in 2 more cases
• Hong Kong World Wide Web Database
• NewsTarget : H5N1
• More News on bird flu.
• H5N1Drome

MEDLINE abstracts (NLM PubMed).

Source: National Center For National Biotechnology Information(NCBI). When you read the MEDLINE (NLM PubMed) abstract click on Links: Related Articles.

• Re-emergence of fatal human influenza A subtype H5N1 disease. Lancet. 2004 Feb 21;363(9409):617-9. Peiris JS, Yu WC, Leung CW et al. [MEDLINE abstract]
• Avian Influenza A (H5N1) in 10 Patients in Vietnam. N Engl J Med. 2004 Feb 25; Hien TT, Liem NT, Dung NT et al.[MEDLINE abstract]
• Distinct pathogenesis of hong kong-origin H5N1 viruses in mice compared to that of other highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses. Dybing JK, Schultz-Cherry S, Swayne DE, Suarez DL, Perdue ML ; J Virol. 2000 Feb;74(3):1443-50.[MEDLINE abstract]
• Characterization of the Surface Proteins of Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Humans in 1997-1998. Bender C, Hall H, Huang J et.al. Virology. 1999 Feb 1;254(1):115-123. [MEDLINE abstract]
• Protection against a lethal avian influenza A virus in a mammalian system. Riberdy JM, Flynn KJ, Stech J, et.al. J Virol. 1999 Feb;73(2):1453-9 [MEDLINE abstract]
• The surface glycoproteins of H5 influenza viruses isolated from humans, chickens, and wild aquatic birds have distinguishable properties. Matrosovich M, Zhou N, Kawaoka Y, Webster R. J Virol. 1999 Feb;73(2):1146-55. [MEDLINE abstract]
• Characterization of avian H5N1 influenza viruses from poultry in Hong Kong. Shortridge KF, Zhou NN, Guan Y, et. al. Virology. 1998 Dec 20;252(2):331-42. [MEDLINE abstract]
• Predictions for future human influenza pandemics. Webster RG. J Infect Dis 1997 Aug;176 Suppl 1:S14-S19 [MEDLINE abstract]
• Avian influenza A viruses differ from human viruses by recognition of sialyloligosaccharides and gangliosides and by a higher conservation of the HA receptor-binding site.Matrosovich MN, et.al. Virology 1997 Jun 23;233(1):224-234 [MEDLINE abstarct]
• Influenza: interspecies transmissions and viral rearrangement. Manuguerra JC, Hannoun C. Bull Acad Natl Med 1997 Mar 18;181(3):421-430 [MEDLINE abstract]
• Genetic reassortment in pandemic and interpandemic influenza viruses. A study of 122 viruses infecting humans. Shu LP, Sharp GB,et.al. Eur J Epidemiol 1996 Feb;12(1):63-70 [MEDLINE abstract]
• Are there alternative avian influenza viruses for generation of stable attenuated avian-human influenza A reassortant viruses? Subbarao K, Webster RG,et.al. Virus Res 1995 Dec;39(2-3):105-118 [MEDLINE abstract]
• Interspecies transmission of influenza viruses. Webster RG, Sharp GB, Claas EC.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995 Oct;152(4 Pt 2):S25-S30.[MEDLINE abstract]
• Molecular evolution of influenza viruses.Scholtissek C.Virus Genes 1995;11(2-3):209-215.[MEDLINE abstract]
• Deduced amino acid sequences at the haemagglutinin cleavage site of avian influenza A viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes. Wood GW, McCauley JW, et.al. Arch Virol 1993;130(1-2):209-217 [MEDLINE abstract]

Search Medline

• Avian Influenza
• H5N1 Influenza
• Bird Flu
• Influenza A

Virology sites

• ALL the Virology on the WWW - The reference site for virology information.
  • Orthomyxoviruses -- Influenza Viruses
• Microbiology @ Leicester - Bird Flu
• Virus Diseases - Another good site.
• WWW Sites of Interest - another excellent site. (Animal Sites)
• Molecular Virology
• Virus Reference Laboratory 
• Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center -Virus family
• National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)- Taxonomy; Genome; Structure

Communicable Disease Control, Surveillance and Other Resources

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Needs no introduction.
• Public Health Laboratory Service- UK's "CDC".
• CDC MMWR, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
• World Health Organisation (WHO).
• Emerging Infectious Diseases a peer reviewed journal.
• Infectious Diseases in Children - Journal.
• Emerging Infectious Diseases Resource Links - CDC.
• Health:Diseases and Conditions:Infectious Diseases - Influenza

Resource Articles

• Avian Influenza and UV-B Blocked by Biomass Smoke - Forrest M. Mims III
• Characterization of an Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Isolated from a Child with a Fatal Respiratory Illness by Kanta Subbaraoet al. Science Magazine. Science 1998 January 16; 279: 393-396
• The Next Influenza Pandemic: Lessons from Hong Kong. René Snacken et.al; Emerging Infectious Diseases Volume 5 .Number 2 March-April 1999.
• Prevention and Treatment of Virus Diseases: Antiviral Vaccines
• Prevention and Treatment of Virus Diseases: Antiviral Drugs

• Principles of Immunisation

• Preventing Emerging Infectious Diseases - A Strategy for the 21st Century (html); for pdf format

• National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS) a surveillance system used by CDC.

• Interstate Shipment of Etiologic Agents from CDC.

• Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals.Julia S. Garner, RN, MN, and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee.
• Globalization, International Law, and Emerging Infectious Diseases by David P. Fidler, J.D. Emerging Infectious Diseases Volume 2 .Number 2 April-June 1996.
• OSHA- Avian Flu Guidelines

Medline Search Sites, Medical Journals Site and Search Engines

• Medline Search Sites - Do your own search for relevant articles.
• Medical Journal Sites - Look up relevant articles.
• Search Engines - Search the WWW.
• Search Microbiology and Immunology HomePage, Leicester University
• Deja News - Search articles and Newsgroups. Note the information obtained from Newsgroups are not moderated and should be interpreted with caution. H5N1 , Bird Flu.

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First up on 10 December 1997.

Last Updated 27April 2009